Neurodegenerative diseases involve the gradual deterioration of nerve cells, leading to progressive loss of function. For example, Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects memory and cognition, while Parkinson’s disease impacts movement control. Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is interrupted, causing brain cell death and potential long-term deficits in speech, mobility, and cognitive abilities. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Multiple sclerosis involves the immune system attacking the protective covering of nerves, leading to a range of physical and cognitive symptoms.